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Venezuelan Spanish (''castellano venezolano'' or ''español venezolano'') refers to the Spanish language as spoken in Venezuela. Spanish was introduced in Venezuela by the conquistadors. Most of them were from Galicia, Basque Country, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands. Perhaps the last of these has been the most fundamental influence on modern Venezuelan Spanish, to the point that Canarian and Venezuelan accents may seem indistinguishable to other Spanish speakers. Italian and Portuguese immigrants from the late 19th and early 20th century have also had an influence. The Spaniards additionally brought African slaves. This is the origin of expressions such as ''chévere'' ("excellent"), which comes from Yoruba ''ché egberi''. Other non-Romance words came from Native languages, such as ''guayoyo'' (a type of coffee) and ''caraota'' (common bean). The Venezuelan "snob" (or "sifrino" in colloquial Venezuelan Spanish) accent is often thought of as the "pretty-boy/pretty-girl" or "boy band" accent of Spanish. This is hardly the case for the majority of spoken Venezuelan Spanish, widely ranging from its occasional formal form, to the more common—highly slang spiced—every day form, to the heavily "thug" or "thuggish" ("malandro" in Venezuelan Spanish) inflected manner, often found in the slums or "barrios" of the country. ==Features== * Venezuelan Spanish often shortens words, for example, changing ''para'' ("for") into ''pa''. In addition, between vowels is often dropped (elision): ''helado'' ("ice cream") becomes . Originally from southern Spain and the Canary Islands, these traits are common to many other Spanish variations. * Another common feature is the debuccalization of syllable-final /s/, whereby ''adiós'' ("goodbye") becomes . Common to most coastal areas in America, the Canary Islands, and the southern half of Spain. * Syllable-final /n/-velarisation, or /n/-assimilation: ''ambientación'' ("atmosphere") becomes either or . * As in most American versions of Spanish, also, Venezuelan Spanish has yeísmo (a merger of and ), and seseo (traditional merges with ). That is, ''calló'' ("s/he became silent") and ''cayó'' ("s/he fell") are homophones, and ''casa'' ("house") is homophonous with ''caza'' ("hunt"). ''Seseo'' is common to all of America, the Canary Islands, and southern Spain, and ''yeísmo'' is prevalent in most Spanish variations. * The phoneme /x/ is realized as glottal () in Caribbean coast of Venezuela, in common with the pronunciation of El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Spanish Caribbean islands, Canary Islands, and southern Spain. *A characteristic common to Spanish in Venezuela, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Cuba and Costa Rica is the use of the diminutive ''-ico'' and ''-ica'' instead of the standard ''-ito'' and ''-ita'', restricted to words with ''-t'' in the last syllable; for example, ''rata'' ("rat") becomes ''ratica'' ("little rat"). Other diminutive of notice is "manito" instead of the more common "manita". * The second-person singular informal pronoun is usually ''tú'', as in most of Latin America and also in Spain. This practice is referred to as tuteo. However, in Zulia and some parts of Falcón and Trujillo, it is common to find voseo, that is, the use of ''vos'' instead of ''tú''. This phenomenon is present in many other Latin American variations (notably Central American Spanish and Rioplatense), but Zulian voseo is ''diptongado'', that is, the conjugation preserves the diphthongs of the historical ''vos'' conjugation that have been monophthongized in Rioplatense (which means the Zulian forms are the same as those used in Spanish from Spain for the second person plural ''vosotros''): instead of ''tú eres, tú estás'', Zulian says ''vos sois, vos estáis'' (compare with plural forms in Spanish from Spain ''vosotros sois'', ''vosotros estáis''; and with Rioplatense forms ''vos sos'', ''vos estás''). Another exception to the tuteo of Venezuelan Spanish is the use of the second-person singular formal pronoun ''Usted'' interchangeably with ''tú'' in informal speech, a practice that is unique to the states of Mérida, Táchira and Trujillo. 〔Alexandra Alvarez & Ximena Barros, ("Sistemas en conflicto: las formas de tratamiento en la ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela" ), Lengua y Habla (2000), Mérida, Universidad de Los Andes.〕 As in all of the Spanish-speaking Americas, the only plural form of the second person is ''ustedes''. * The word ''vaina'' is used with a variety of meanings (such as "shame", "thing or topic", "pity", and many others) and often as an interjection or a nonsensical filler. * Venezuelan Spanish has a lot of Italianisms, Galicisms and Anglicisms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Venezuelan Spanish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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